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Paramilitary Violence in East Timor

Paramilitary Violence in East Timor.

  • Testimony from a briefing by the House Human Rights and Progressive Caucuses and a hearing of the Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights of the International Committee

Includes testimonies by:

  • Francisco de Jesus da Costa, massacre survivor
  • Vicente Soares Faria, East Timorese Intellectual Forum
  • Manuel Dos Mártires
  • Aryati, Indonesian human rights activist
  • Arnold Kohen, The Humanitarian Project

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Newspaper 07 de Dezembro MCP/AJT/CDPM 1992

Official title: Timor invadido pela Indoensia – Autedeterminacao para Timor Leste
Contents: Newspaper discussing several different issues related to East Timor.
Main topics: background of East Timor struggle; the capture of Xanana Gusmao; interview with people from civil society about simple questions related to the invasion; new deal between British and Indonesia regarding the sale of weapons; judgment of 08 Timorese and the unfair sentences given to them; in contrast with the unpunished treatment given to some militaries involved with the Santa Cruz Massacre; meeting of 60 people, from 15 different countries, specialized in Law and East Timor issues to debate the establishment of a platform of jurists that could contribute to the end of Indonesian occupation of East Timor; possibilities for the future of the territory; epistemological debate regarding the world Maubere; reflections on International Law and International Order and how they impact the most vulnerable countries; etc.

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Excelentíssima Senhora (1993-09)

This document contains two letters. One letter (written in 1993-09-17) is written by Catherine Scott from the Catholic Institute for International Relations and sent to Luisa Pereira from CDPM. The letter by Catherine Scott contains a list of the people detained following the demonstration at Bishop Belo’s residence in East Timor. The other letter (written in 1993-09-10), which Catherine Scott had attached, is directed to Hillary Clinton from the Timorese mothers of those that have either disappeared, were captured or killed following the Santa Cruz Massacre. The mothers express their sorrow for their lost ones, state some human rights violations that are occurring in East Timor, and ask for recognition and action from the international community.

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East Timor: From 'slavery & oppression & tyranny' to freedom

Titled, East Timor: From ‘slavery & oppression & tyranny to freedom, it was presented by Abé Barreto Soares during the National Council of Maubere Resistance (CNRM) tour of North America, April 1993. It begins with Soares’ description of his experience and observations after the Indonesia military invaded East Timor in December of 1975. Soares explains his decision to join Renetil, the East Timorese students’ resistance organisation at Java’s Gadjah Mada University. He explains that the Santa Cruz massacre and subsequent arrest of his friends of Renetil compelled him to seek asylum in Canada. Next, he explains that although he does not fear arrest for speaking out, he worries about repercussions for his family and friends in East Timor. He then dispels the Indonesian narrative that the Timorese voted to become the 27th province of the Republic of Indonesia. Finally, Soares discusses the legacy of the Santa Cruz massacre and reminds listeners that the struggle against Indonesian occupation and human rights abuses will continue in East Timor so long as the Indonesian military remains in there.

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Various documents

This document contains twenty-one separate documents.

  1. A photograph entitled, “ETAN’s Second National Steering Committee Meeting” 17 September 1994: The steering meeting clarified the organization’s structure, mission and objectives. It included participants from across the USA, Timor-Leste, Canada, Portugal, The UK, and The Netherlands.

  2. A photograph entitled, “Training for Lobby Days - Amnesty International Office” Washington DC, USA. Beginning in 1994, ETAN brought grassroots activists from across the USA to Washington for “Lobby Days” every year. After a weekend of training and briefings (as in the photo), experienced and new citizen advocates spread out across the halls of Congress, meeting with staffers, Representatives and Senators in between 60 and 200 of the 535 Congressional offices. Many Congressional staffers came to see this as their annual opportunity to learn about Timor-Leste, and Lobby Days usually resulted in Congressional resolutions or joint letters to U.S. and Indonesian government officials. In addition, from 1992 through 1998, Congress gradually tightened restrictions on U.S. military training and weapons sales to the Indonesian military.

  3. A photograph from 1994, Korea: Demonstration by Korea Human Rights Network in front of Indonesian Embassy. They heard of Timor from Progressio Korea local partners, and from meeting JRH at the World Conference on Human Rights held in Vienna in 1993.

  4. Campaign for Release of Xanana. 1994. In Japanese. | 4 pages.

  5. A photograph entitled, “Osaka, Japan” 1994: João Dias and Aviano Fana visit Japan to give testimony to the Santa Cruz Massacre and the 2nd Massacre.

  6. Two photographs. The first one is entitled, “Nagoya, Japan” 1994: Liga Ximenes and Inosensia Neves, speaking tour in Nagoya. The second is entitled, “Tokyo, Japan” 1994: Constancio Pinto at a meeting in Tokyo, appealing for support to the East Timorese asylum seekers.

  7. A photograph entitled, “Tokyo, Japan” 1994: Bishop Soma, 1st President of APCET, reports his trip to East Timor in Tokyo.

  8. A photograph entitled, “Karlsruhe, Germany” 1994: José Amorim Dias and Renato Constantino Jr. at a demonstration against the EU-ASEAN meeting because the meeting is on economic ties and does not consider Human Rights and Self-determination.

  9. A photograph entitled, “Karlsruhe, Germany” 1994: Access denied at EU-ASEAN meeting.

  10. A photograph entitled, “The Netherlands - Indonesian Embassy” Moluccan Youths living in The Netherlands express their solidarity with the Timorese students that occupied the USA Embassy in Jakarta.

  11. A page with two photographs. 1994 Sri Lanka: Police blocks demonstration from approaching the Indonesian Embassy.

  12. A page with two photographs entitled, “The Philippines - Asia Pacific Conference on East Timor” 1994: The members of the panel discussion are Jean Inglis, the late Bishop Soma of Nagoya, Japan and RC Constantino. Journalists are surrounding the foreign participants of the conference as they marched to the venue. Under Indonesian pressure the Philippines government banned the conference and did not allow foreigners to attend.

  13. Two newspaper articles. Manila, The Philippines, 1994: Newspaper clippings about Sri Lankan activists Freddy Gamage Abuhamy and Henry Fernando Warnakulasurys who were denied twice to access The Philippines to attend the Asia-Pacific Conference on East Timor.

  14. A photograph entitled, “Paris, France” December 1994: Dozens of people march in support of people who live at risk due to oppression. The demonstration aimed East Timor, Papua, Amazone Region and Mapuche People. Many organizations participated, such as: Agir pour Timor, Survival, Amnesty International, Tribal Act, Lycra and others.

  15. A poem entitled, “Two Hundred Thousand Reasons” written by Purnama in Utrecht 1994.

  16. A document entitled, “International protest during the APEC - November 1994” | 3 pages.

  17. A flyer entitled, “East Timor, Its future in the Asia Pacific” for a Public education conference at the University of Technology, Harris St.Ultimo. June 21 - 24 1994.

  18. A pamphlet about East Timor entirely in Japanese. | 2 pages.

  19. A booklet entitled, “Travesty of Justice” by East Timor’s Political Prisoners. Published by Australia-East Timor Association. | 10 pages. It contains:

    • The prisoners - The proposal for talks
    • Imprisoned in Semarang - East Timor at a glance
    • Imprisoned in Kupang - Prison conditions
    • Jailed in Jakarta
    • What can you do
  20. A document entitled, “An Abiding Concern: why Gough must come clean on East Timor” | 2 pages.

  21. A document entitled, “East Timor: It’s time to talk” British Coalition for East Timor, February 1994.

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Parte 1. 03 (14)

This PDF document contains articles, emails, and other sources pertaining to topics about the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize, Ramos-Horta and Bishop Belo, and Brazil’s relationship with East Timor.

  1. "Parlamentares decidem intensificar luta por Timor-Leste" June 14, 1995
    Parliamentarians and representatives of about 40 countries have decided to renew efforts to help the fight for liberating East Timor. The Brazilian delegation at a conference in Lisbon included Aldo Arantes, Aldo Lins and Silva, Antônio Funari Filho, as well as others. During the conference, the “Declaration of Lisbon,” which proposes political and commercial sanctions on Indonesia, was drafted. Participants of the conference also criticized the United States, who was not present at the conference.
    “ 'Declaração de Lisboa' condena agressão da Indonésia"
    This article recites the Declaration of Lisbon, taking quotes that condemn the Indonesian invasion of East Timor. The participants of the conference are asking Indonesia to fulfill various requests and resolutions set out by the United Nations and the international community that would lessen the East Timorese struggle.
    "Conferencia pede libertação de presos políticos"
    One of the main topics discussed during the conference was the liberation of Xanana Gusmão and other political prisoners. The Brazilian delegation that participated in the Lisbon conference will be proposing to the Brazilian National Congress that Bishop Belo may visit Brazil.

  2. "Mundo: O Timor Leste precisa de ajuda", August 30, 1995
    This news article states that the ambassador of the Timor resistance in Angola, Roque Rodrigues, traveled to Brazil in order to participate in meetings and interviews, and also to expand his network of people that would stand in solidarity with East Timor. An interview with Roque Rodrigues provides the following information: a brief history of the Indonesian invasion of East Timor; highlights of the genocide taking place; the cultural destruction occurring; what the Brazilian population can do to help; facts about the Santa Cruz massacre; who Xanana Gusmão is; the connection between the resistance and the Catholic Church.
    "A voz de Xanana Gusmão"
    A written declaration by Xanana Gusmão in prison in Jakarta on May 20, 1995, was published in this newspaper, where he provides words to inspire readers to remember that better days are approaching and to keep resisting oppression in East Timor.

  3. "Grupo se organiza para defender Timor Leste", December 13, 1995
    Coordinated by frei João Xerri, forty people met on Saturday the 9th (believed to be on the month of December, year 1995), to commemorate the resistance of East Timor. In attendance was Nanci Almeida and Vera Camerotti, as well as representatives of religious organizations, the Brazilian worker’s party, and others. This article also criticizes Fernando Henrique Cardoso’s government (in Brazil), stating that his government prefers to not acknowledge the issue in East Timor in fear that there will be harm done to their trade with Indonesia if they announce that they support East Timor.

  4. "Meet Us at Ten Tonight", July 1996
    Paul Raffaele, a writer for Reader’s Digest, traveled to East Timor to conduct an interview with Bishop Carlos Belo. A quick summary of his trip is disclosed, before it is mentioned that the article continues in a separate page of the newspaper. | 2 pages.

  5. "Hero for a Forgotten People", July 1996
    The narration of Paul Raffaele’s trip to East Timor continues in this article. A brief biography of Bishop Belo is disclosed, highlighting his Catholic roots and the events of his life parallel to events happening in East Timor. The events told in his perspective include the Santa Cruz massacre. | 6 pages.

  6. Mons. Belo, vescovo salesiano di Dili (Timor) Translation: Msgr. Belo Salesian Bishop of Dili | 11 October 1996, Published in Agenczia Internazionale Salesiana di Informazione.

  7. Nobel per la pace: chi é il vescovo Belo Translation : Nobel Peace Prize : Who is Bishop Belo? | 11 October 1996, Published in Agenczia Internazionale Salesiana di Informazione.

  8. La pace del Nobel arriva a Timor. Translation : Nobel Peace comes to Timor | 11 October 1996, Published in Agenczia Internazionale Salesiana di Informazione

  9. A letter from Carlos Garulo, Central delefate for social communication. | 11 October 1996, published in Agenczia Internazionale Salesiana di Informazione | 3 pages

  10. Salesiani: Mediazioni tenaci per la pace Translation: Selesians: Tenacious mediations for peace | 11 October 1996, published by Agenczia Internazionale Salesiana di Informazione

  11. Timor Est, una isola lontana da oggi più vicina Translation: East Timor, a distant island from today is closer | 11 October 1996, published by Agenczia Internazionale Salesiana di Informazione

  12. il Resegone (Italian Newspaper) Article entitled, « Una suora lecchese al fianco del Nobel » Translation : A nun from Lecco alongside the Nobel Prize | 18 October 1996, three pages

  13. Historic Dili Meeting: Soeharto and the bishop
    By: Louise Williams and Helen Pitt, October 16, 1996
    This document summarizes a meeting between Bishop Belo and President Suharto, where the inauguration of a statue of Christ took place outside of Dili. There have been various reactions to this inauguration. During this meeting, Suharto failed to congratulate Bishop Belo on winning a Nobel Peace Prize. | 2 pages

  14. Indonesia Fickle On Nobel Wins
    By: Robert H. Reid, October 25, 1996
    Indonesia supports Bishop Belo in his reconciliation efforts, but condemn Ramos-Horta’s actions as a resistance leader. | 2 pages

  15. Statement on Jose Ramos Horta
    By: João Carrascalão, October 28, 1996
    The Timorese Democratic Union (UDT) defend Ramos-Horta against the Indonesian government and media’s backlash campaign that began after the announcement that he won the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize. UDT retells actions Ramos-Horta took to aid the Timorese population, and how he played a major part in creating an alliance between the UDT and the FRETILIN, which led to the signing of the National Convergence in 1986. | 3 pages.

  16. A flyer with the photograph of Bishop Belo in 1996
    Created by Caritas in Norway, 24 November 1996
    Half of the document is in Norwegian

  17. “Prisvinner forrettet for fred” Translation: Peace price winner prays for Peace
    Published in a Norwegian newspaper on December 9th, 1996 | The article is in Norwegian

  18. The Nobel Peace Prize for 1996
    The Norwegian Nobel Committee declares that Ramos-Horta and Bishop Belo are the recipients of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize. The committee also provides information on what they have done to propel the East Timor cause and to earn this prize.
    The Conflict in East Timor
    A brief description of the invasion, genocide, and human rights violations that have been taking place in East Timor are disclosed. It is highlighted that due to the Church’s firm stance on the necessity of human rights and peace, the number of Catholics in East Timor have grown since the occupation. | 4 pages

  19. "East Timor: Fr. Belo meets Pope"
    By: Cindy Wooden
    It is stated that Pope John Paul II met with Bishop Belo after winning the Nobel Peace Prize. Bishop Belo speaks about the Indonesian effort to improve economic development in East Timor, criticizing their approach on promoting material development rather than other developmental aspects.
    "The US – Indonesia Alliance Against East Timor"
    By: Matthew Jardine, January 14, 1997
    David Alex, a leader of FALINTIL, is interviewed by Matthew Jardine, and American researcher and writer on human rights and international affairs. David Alex reveals information about FALINTIL, such as their numbers, their routine, and their struggles against the Indonesian soldiers. They also discuss America’s role in aiding the Indonesian military financially and through the provision of weapons. | 5 pages

  20. "The two faces of Norway"
    From: George J. Aditjondro, various dates in January 1997
    This article discusses the recognition East Timor received from Oslo as a result of the Nobel Peace Prize celebrations. It also discusses the factors that have molded Norway’s reputation as a peace-making nation. However, the intentions of Statoil, Norway’s state-owned oil company, to explore the Timor Sea for oil and gas, have led individuals and organizations in both Portugal and Norway to believe that Norway’s peace-making reputation is controversial. Other information regarding Norwegian oil companies partnering with Australian companies are disclosed, further proving that Norway’s reputation is disputable. | 8 pages

  21. Painel do Leitor, May 15th, 1998
    This newspaper contains articles covering diverse topics, with one of them being about Indonesia’s struggle. The article briefly mentions Suharto’s rule and the repercussions that young Timorese and Indonesians have had to face when going against the dictatorship

  22. A column from a Spanish Newspaper entitled, “Indonésia e Timor” May 17, 1998

  23. An opinion column from a Spanish Newspaper entitled, “Indonésia” May 15th, 1998

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Australian MPs

Statements and correspondence between Australian politicians and political parties. Also includes long David Scott paper on the East Timor Talks Campaign.

Berita Timor Timur

Largely English-language reports from Jakarta on media coverage and events under the name “Berita Timur Timor" (East Timor News) issued by INFIGHT (Indonesian Front for the Defense of Human Rights). Includes particular focus on Timorese facing trials for subversion.

Churches

A extensive range of statements, correspondence, draft documents from official Churches, religious organisations and individuals.

Eyewitness accounts

Chronologies, correspondence, name lists, diary extracts, media conference transcripts, statements based on eyewitness testimony.

Funding appeal

Internal papers on the ACFOAHR Office planning for a fund-raising appeal to support ongoing advocacy for human rights in Timor.

NGO responses – Amnesty International

Initial Amnesty International reports and media releases on Santa Cruz massacre. Folder also includes the extensive AI report to the August 1991 UN Decolonization Committee on pre-massacre-period human rights violations.

Various AMRT Collections

Santa Cruz Massacre material in various collections ('Fundos') held by AMRT - including items originally owned by: Konis Santana, Sabalae, Jose Ramos-Horta, Barbedo de Magalhães, Fundação Mário Soares, Carlos Lopes, Pascoela Barreto. Several audio interviews recorded for the USAid-funded Tuba Rai Metin radio program are also included in this set.

Agir pour Timor 1992-09

This newsletter includes:

  • Édito : Timor-Est n'est pas biodégradable (East Timor is Not Biodegradable)
  • À nos lecteurs (To Our Readers)
  • Chronologie des évènements depuis le 28 octobre 1991 (Timeline of Events Since October 28 1991)
  • Procès de militaires et procès de Timorais (Military Trial and Trial of the Timorese)

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East Timor News Monthly Memo, Portugal

Title: Monthly Memo
East Timor:

  • Xanana radio interview
  • “Press for UN investigation” by Xanana solidarity groups
  • More shootings
  • Repression in rural areas
  • Interview with Fr Ricardo
  • Student prisoners transferred to Jakarta
  • Documents received

Administrating Power: Portugal

  • Three-point government strategy rules out direct aid to armed resistance
  • “Lusitania Express” to sail to Dili
  • “Peace is possible” booklet on massacre

International Issues:

  • Initial reactions to Commissions report
  • Vanuatu in UNGA: “Murder!”
  • Canada cuts aid
  • “East Timor embassy” opened in Canberra

Indonesia:

  • Preliminary report of Investigation Commission
  • Yogyakarta students outspoken statement

Appendix: A Message to all East Timor Solidarity Groups Throughout the World, Kay Rala Xanana Gusmao (commander of FALINTIL)

Appendix II: Preliminary report: National Commission of Enquiry Incident of 12 November 1991, Dili – Extracts (Jakarta, Dec 26, 91)

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East Timor Update 1992-03

  • Title: East Timor Update no. 9, March 1992

Contents: Peace ship makes waves

  • Canada lifting sanctions?
  • More atrocities reported
  • Oakville petition drive
  • Action of the Month

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